Abstract：【Objective】To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neonatal fungal meningitis.【Methods】A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 15 neonates with fungal meningitis admitted to the Neonatal Department of Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. The onset characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis were summarized.【Results】Among the 15 cases of neonatal fungal meningitis, 11 cases were preterm infants (73.3%), 1 case was extremely low birth weight infant (6.7%), 4 cases were very low birth weight infants (26.7%), and 7 cases were low birth weight infants (46.7%). The age of onset was ≥ 9 days. All 15 cases had received broad-spectrum antibiotics before diagnosis. Twelve cases (80%) received peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) catheterization, 11 cases (73.3%) received intravenous nutrition, 5 cases (33.3%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, and 10 cases (66.7%) received non-invasive ventilation. Another 5 cases were diagnosed based on positive blood fungal culture and cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count > 20×106/L. The main treatment was antifungal therapy with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine. Eight cases were cured (53.3%), five cases improved (33.3%), and two cases died.【Conclusion】Fungal meningitis in neonates is common in premature infants and low birth weight infants, mainly secondary to the irrational use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and various invasive procedures. The clinical symptoms are similar to those caused by other pathogenic bacteria. Fluconazole can be the first choice for antifungal drugs, and amphotericin B combined with flucytosine can be used when the treatment effect is poor.
[1] 花少栋,吴志新,黄捷婷,等.早产儿近平滑假丝酵母菌败血症11例临床分析[J].中华围产医学杂志,2013,16(3):175-179.
[2] HAN T,QIU M, NIU X X, et al. End-organ damage from neonatal invasive fungal infection: a 14-year retrospective study from a tertiary center in China[J].BMC Infect Dis,2024, 24(1):521.
[3] 邵肖梅,叶鸿瑁,丘小汕.实用新生儿学[M].5版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2019:531-533.
[4] XIA H P, WU H, XIA S W, et al. Invasive Candidiasis in preterm neonates in China: a retrospective study from 11 NICUS during 2009-2011[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2014,33(1):106.
[5] ONCEL M Y,CIZMECI M N,ONCEL E K, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of neonatal meningitis: results of the Turkish neo-meningitis nationwide study[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2024,43(4):365-370.
[6] 郑天,李秋平,陈海花,等.新生儿侵袭性深部真菌感染的临床特点分析[J].发育医学电子杂志,2019,10(4):292-296.
[7] GARZILLO C, BAGATTINI M, BOGDANOVIC L, et al. Risk factors for Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: a casecontrol study[J].Ital J Pediatr,2017,43(1):10.
[8] 李秋平,封志纯.早产儿侵袭性真菌感染的防治[J].临床儿科杂志,2011,29(9):801-806.
[9] YU Y F,DU L Z,YUAN T M, et al. Risk factors and clinical analysis for invasive fungal infection in neonatal intensive care unit patients[J].Am J Perinatol,2013,30(7):589-594.
[10] DA SILVA C M, DE CARVALHO A M R, MACEDO D P C, et al. Candidemia in Brazilian neonatal intensive care units: risk factors, epidemiology, and antifungal resistance[J].Braz J Microbiol,2023,54(2):817-825.
[11] 黄凤霞,王华伟,朱雪萍.新生儿真菌性脑膜炎11例临床分析[J].临床医药文献电子杂志,2020,7(93):17-18.
[12] BASSETTI M, AZOULAY E, KULLBERG B-J, et al. EORTC/MSGERC definitions of invasive fungal diseases: Summary of activities of the Intensive Care Unit Working Group[J].Clin Infect Dis,2021,72(Suppl 2): S121-S127.
[13] DONNELLY J P, CHEN S C, KAUFFMAN C A, et al. Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium[J].Clin Infect Dis,2020, 71(6):1367-1376.
[14] RACIL Z, KOCMANOVA I, LENGEROVA M, et al. Difficulties in using 1,3-β-D-glucan as the screening test for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies-high frequency of false-positive results and their analysis[J].J Med Microbiol,2010, 59(Pt 9):1016-1022.
[15] NUCCI M, BARREIROS G, REIS H, et al. Performance of 1,3-beta-D-glucan in the diagnosis and monitoring of invasive fusariosis[J].Mycoses,2019, 62(7):570-575.
[16] ROUZÉ A, ESTELLA Á, TIMSIT J F. Is (1, 3)-β-D-glucan useless to guide antifungal therapy in ICU?[J].Intensive Care Med,2022, 48(7): 930-932.
[17] 杨传忠,朱小瑜.早产儿侵袭性真菌感染的预防和治疗[J].中国小儿急救医学, 2013,20(6):570-574.
2025, Vol. 42 
