[1] Gan TJ,Habib AS,Miller TE,et al. Incidence, patient satisfaction, and perceptions of post-surgical pain: results from a US national survey[J].Curr Med Res Opin,2014, 30(1):149-160. [2] Joshi GP,Beck DE,Emerson RH,et al.Defining new directions for more effective management of surgical pain in the United States: highlights of the inaugural Surgical Pain Congress[J].Am Surg,2014, 80(3):219-228. [3] 郭正安, 周志勇, 杨超. 地佐辛联合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛的临床疗效观察[J].临床医药文献电子杂志, 2017,4(19):3724-3725. [4] 曾凡乙, 杨裕莲. 舒芬太尼联合地佐辛在肩胛骨骨折术后镇痛中的应用体会[J].河南外科学杂志, 2017,23(3):69-71. [5] Wu CL, Cohen SR, Richman JM,et al. Efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled and continuous infusion epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids: a meta-analysis[J].Anesthesiology,2005, 103: 1079-1088. [6] Li W, Li Y, Huang Q, et al. Short and long-term outcomes of epidural or intravenous analgesia after esophagectomy: a propensity-matched cohort study[J].PLoS One,2016, 11: e154380. [7] Baliuliene V, Macas A, Rimaitis K. The optimal concentration of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine for labor pain management using patient-controlled epidural analgesia: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial[J].Int J Obstet Anesth,2018, 35:17-25. [8] Zhao Y, Duan JL, Wu XM,et al. Two-stage analysis of pharmacokinetics of sufentanil administered by target-controlled infusion in Chinese patients[J].Chin Med J (Engl),2009, 122:1979-1984. [9] Nora FS. Total intravenous anesthesia as a target-controlled infusion. An evolutive analysis[J].Rev Bras Anestesiol,2008,58: 179-192. [10] Albertin A, Casati A, Federica L, et al. The effect-site concentration of remifontanil blunting cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation and skin incision during bispectral index-guided propofol anesthesia[J].Anesth Analg,2005, 101: 125-130.