[1] Audia S, Mahévas M, Samson M,et al. Pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia[J].Autoimmun Rev,2017, 16(6): 620-632. [2] Vitellius G, Trabado S, Bouligand J,et al. Pathophysiology of glucocorticoid signaling[J].Ann Dendocrinol,2018, 79(3):98-106. [3] Liang Y, Song MM, Liu SY, et al. Relationship between expression of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms and glucocorticoid resistance in immune thrombocytopenia[J].Hematology,2016, 21(7): 440-446. [4] Liu W, Li H, Zhang D, et al. Effects of the multidrug resistance-1 gene on drug resistance in primary immune thrombocytopenia[J].Autoimmunity,2016, 49(7): 486-495. [5] Zhou L, Xu F, Chang C, et al. Interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T lymphocyt-es are increased in patients with primaryimmune thrombocytopenia[J].Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis,2016, 27(3): 301-307. [6] Oh KS, Patel H, Gottschalk RA, et al. Anti-inflammatory chromatinscape suggests alternative mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor action[J].Immunity,2017, 47(2): 298-309. [7] Newton R, Shah S, Altonsy MO, et al. Glucocorticoid and cytokine crosstalk: Feedback, feedforward, and co-regulatory interactions determine repression or resistance[J].J Biol Chem,2017, 292(17): 7163-7172. [8] Ma L, Fang M, Liang Y,et al. Low expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform in adult immune thrombocytopenia correlates with glucocorticoid resistance[J].Ann Hematol,2013, 92(7): 953-960. [9] Song Y, Wang YT, Huang XJ, et al.Abnormalities of the bone marrow immune microenvironment in patients with immune thrombocytopenia[J].Ann Hematol,2016, 95(6): 959-965. [10] Kong Y,Cao XN,Zhang XH, et al. Atorvastatin enhances bone marrow endothelial cell function in corticosteroid-resistant immune thrombocytopenia patients[J].Blood,2018, 131(11): 1219-1233. [11] Kong Z, Qin P, Xiao S, et al. A novel recombinant human thrombopoietin therapy for the management of immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy[J].Blood,2017, 130(9): 1097-1103. [12] Gonzalezporras JR, Bastida JM. Eltrombopag in immune thrombocytopenia: efficacy review and update on drug safety[J].Ther Adv Drug,2018, 9(6): 263-285. [13] Cines DB,Wasser J,Rodeghiero F,et al. Safety and efficacy of romiplostim in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia[J].Haematologica,2017, 102(8): 1342-1351. [14] Zhang J, Liang Y, Ai Y, et al. Eltrombopag versus romiplostim in treatment of adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia: A systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparison meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2018, 13(6): e0198504. [15] Lakhwani S, Perera M, Fernández-Fuertes F, et al. Thrombopoietin receptor agonist switch in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia patients: A retrospective collaborative survey involving 4 Spanish centres[J].Eur J Haematol,2017, 99(4): 372-377. [16] Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, Aledort LM, et al. A randomized trial of avatrombopag, an investigational thrombopoietin-receptor agonist, in persistentand chronic immune thrombocytopenia[J].Blood,2014, 123(25): 3887-3894. [17] Jurczak W, Chojnowski K, Mayer J, et al. Phase 3 randomised study of avatrombopag, a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia[J].Br J Haematol,2018, 183(3):479-490. [18] 李旭丹. 重组人血小板生成素联合激素治疗血小板减少性紫癜的效果评价[J].中国当代医药, 2017, 24(32): 23-25. [19] Magro D, Levato L, Eugenio P, et al. High dose dexamethasone and eltrombopag in chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a single institution experience[J].Haematologica, 2017, 102: 1-217. [20] 李召, 刘璐, 杜雅慧, 等. 利妥昔单抗联合艾曲波帕治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症一例[J].中华内科杂志, 2017, 56(1): 52-54. [21] Patel VL, Mahévas M, Lee SY, et al. Outcomes 5 years after response to rituximab therapy in children and adults with immune thrombocytopenia[J].Blood,2012, 119(25): 5989-5995. [22] Kapoor R, Kumar R, Mahapatra M, et al. Low Dose Rituximab in Chronic ITP: Still an Option in Resource Limited Settings[J].Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus,2017, 33(4): 568-573. [23] Tran H, Brighton T, Grigg A, et al. A multi-centre, single-arm, open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of fixed dose rituximab in patients with refractory, relapsed or chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (R-ITP1000 study)[J].Br J Haematol,2014, 167(2): 243-251. [24] 韩晓丹, 周健, 喻凤宽, 等. 利妥昔单克隆抗体和地塞米松联合环磷酰胺治疗复发难治的免疫性血小板减少症[J].中国实验血液学杂志, 2016, 24(1): 162-166. [25] Palandri F, Polverelli N, Sollazzo D, et al. Have splenectomy rate and main outcomes of ITP changed after the introduction of new treatments? A monocentric study in the outpatient setting during 35 years[J].Am J Hematol,2016, 91(4): E267-E272. [26] Tastaldi L, Krpata DM, Prabhu AS, et al. Laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): long-term outcomes of a modern cohort[J].Surg Endosc,2019,33(2):475-485. [27] Tada K, Ohta M, Saga K,et al. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia[J].Surg Today,2018, 48(2): 180-185. [28] Togasaki E, Shimizu N, Nagao Y,et al. Long-term efficacy of partial splenic embolization for the treatment of steroid-resistant chronic immune thrombocytopenia[J].Ann Hematol,2018, 97(4): 655-662. [29] Chaturvedi S, Arnold DM, Mccrae KR. Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out[J].Blood,2018, 131(11): 1172-1182. [30] Mohammadpour F, Kargar M, Hadjibabaie M. The role of hydroxychloroquine as a steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia: a review of the literature[J].J Res Pharm Pract,2018, 7(1): 4-12. [31] Weber E, Reynaud Q, Fort R, et al. Immunomodulatory treatments for persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: A PRISMA-compliantsystematic review and meta-analysis of 28 studies[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2017, 96(37): e7534. [32] Bussel J, Arnold DM, Grossbard E, et al. Fostamatinib for the treatment of adult persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia: results of two phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials[J].Am J Hematol,2018, 93(7): 921-930. [33] Robak T, Windyga J, Trelinski J,et al. Rozrolimupab, a mixture of 25 recombinant human monoclonal RhD antibodies, in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia [J].Blood,2012, 120(18): 3670-3676. [34] Shih A,Nazi I,Kelton JG,et al.Novel treatments for immune thrombocytopenia[J].Presse Med,2014, 43(4Pt2): e87-e95.