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| Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Frozen Shoulder Joint Capsular Fibroblasts and its Related Mechanism |
| HUANG Xinji1, LUO Shengcheng1, ZHANG Cheng1, WENG Xiaojun1,2 |
1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital),Changsha Hunan 410005;
2. Clinical Research Center of Sports Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha Hunan 410005 |
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Abstract 【Objective】 To investigate the effects of adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human frozen shoulder capsular fibroblasts and its underlying mechanism. 【Methods】 ADSC-CM was prepared in vitro. Primary human frozen shoulder capsular fibroblasts were cultured and identified. According to different cell interventions, cells were divided into control group (group A1), agonist group (group B1), ADSC-CM group (group C1), and ADSC-CM plus agonist group (group D1). After intervention, fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and the expression levels of fibrosis-related proteins in transforming growth factor-β1/Smad (TGF-β1/Smad) signaling pathway were detected in each group. 【Results】 Compared with group A1, group C1 exhibited decreased fibroblast proliferation, increased apoptosis, reduced ROS content, and significantly down-regulated protein expression of collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) (P<0.05). Group D1 showed similar inhibitory effects to group B1 (P<0.05), and the agonist could partially reverse the regulatory effect of ADSC-CM. 【Conclusion】 By down-regulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, ADSC-CM inhibits fibroblast proliferation, induces fibroblast apoptosis and reduces intracellular ROS level, thereby exerting anti-fibrotic effects. It can provide experimental evidence for the treatment of patients with frozen shoulder.
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Received: 21 April 2026
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2026, Vol. 43 
