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| Relationship between Umbilical Cord Blood Vitamin D Levels and Fetal Brain Development Abnormalities in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Intervention Effect of Vitamin D3 |
| DING Qing, WU Xiaojing, LI Bingfei |
| Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang Henan 461000 |
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Abstract 【Objective】To investigate the relationship between umbilical cord blood vitamin D levels and fetal brain development abnormalities in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as the intervention effect of vitamin D3.【Methods】 A total of 80 GDM pregnant women diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received treatment according to conventional obstetric care and GDM management guidelines, while the observation group received additional vitamin D3 supplementation based on the control group's treatment. The vitamin D levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood, fetal brain development [assessed by the Neonatal 20-Item Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) score and intracranial ultrasound indicators], and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. The correlation between vitamin D levels and fetal brain development was analyzed. 【Results】The vitamin D levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The NBNA score of newborns in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the corpus callosum length, sagittal length of the cerebellar vermis, and pancreatic islet circumference were significantly longer than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of newborns with an Apgar score ≤7 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Vitamin D levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were significantly correlated with the NBNA score and intracranial ultrasound abnormality rate of newborns (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Umbilical cord blood vitamin D levels in GDM pregnant women are significantly correlated with fetal brain development abnormalities. Vitamin D3 supplementation can effectively increase umbilical cord blood vitamin D levels in GDM pregnant women and may positively influence the improvement of fetal brain development.
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Received: 04 June 2025
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2025, Vol. 42 
