【Objective】 To investigate the risk factors of the hepatitis cirrhosis（HC）complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).【Methods】 One hundred and thirtythree cases of HC complicated HCC patients admitted in our hospital were selected from May 2011 to May 2016 as the observation group,  and another 133 cases of HC noncomplicated HCC patients (HC course more than 10 years) as the control group. The clinical data of two groups were collected and sorted; the risk factors of HC complicated with HCC were screened by multi factor Logistic regression analysis.【Results】 Single factor analysis showed that the proportion of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group in the fields of family history of liver cancer (first degree relatives), drinking history, smoking history, alcoholic fatty liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver, diabetes history, HBVDNA>104 copies/mL and not anti viral treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The independent risk factors of HC complicated with HCC were:  family history of liver cancer (firstdegree relatives) （OR=4.173,95%CI 1.673～9.602，P=0.000） ; alcohol drinking index 3～7（OR=3.282, 95%CI 1.265～5.273，P=0.001）; alcohol drinking index 8～16（OR=4.732，95%CI 1.644～8.574，P=0.000） ; smoking index 8～16（OR=4.121, 95%CI 1.543～5.288，P=0.000）; alcoholic fatty liver（OR=4.763, 95%CI 1.442～7.219，P=0.000）; diabetes mellitus（OR=3.982, 95%CI 1.743～6.182，P=0.000）; HBeAg positive（OR=3.172,95%CI 1.543～5.182，P=0.001）；HBVDNA（104～105 copies/mL）（OR=5.874,95%CI 2.382～9.104，P=0.000）；HBVDNA（105～106 copies/mL）（OR=7.473, 95%CI 2.874～12.129，P=0.000）；HBVDNA（106～107 copies/mL）（OR=10.393,95%CI 6.182～34.645，P=0.000）；HBVDNA（≥107 copies/ml）（OR=12.475, 95%CI 6.987～39.543，P=0.000）; no anti viral treatment（OR=6.122,95%CI 2.884～8.138，P=0.000）.【Conclusion】HBeAg positive, HBVDNA>104 copies/ml, nonantiviral treatment, a long history of drinking, smoking, diabetes history, family history of liver cancer (firstdegree relatives) are the high risk factors of HC complicated with HCC.