妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇风险感知现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7171.2025.10.017

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摘要【目的】探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)高危孕妇风险感知现状及影响因素。【方法】选取2024年12月至2025年2月在扬州大学医学院附属盐城妇幼保健院定期产检的286例GDM高危孕妇,采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病自我效能感量表、GDM自我管理能力量表、GDM高危孕妇知信行问卷、GDM孕妇风险感知量表及GDM孕妇社会资源支持量表对孕妇进行调查,分析GDM高危孕妇风险感知现状及影响因素。【结果】产次、孕前体重指数(BMI)、文化程度、家庭收入、糖尿病自我效能感量表评分、GDM自我管理能力量表评分、GDM高危孕妇知信行问卷评分、GDM孕妇社会资源支持量表评分是GDM高危孕妇风险感知的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。【结论】产次、孕前BMI、文化程度、家庭收入、自我效能感、自我管理能力、知信行水平及社会支持是GDM高危孕妇风险感知的独立影响因素,临床应加强相关健康教育和社会支持干预,以提升孕妇的风险感知水平,促进GDM的早期防控。

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关键词 ：糖尿病,妊娠, 危险因素, 影响因素分析

Abstract：【Objective】To investigate the current status of risk perception and its influencing factors among pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). 【Methods】A total of 286 pregnant women identified as high risk for GDM and undergoing regular prenatal checkups at Yancheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2024 and February 2025 were enrolled. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Self-Management Scale, the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Questionnaire for high-risk GDM women, the Risk Perception Scale for pregnant women with GDM, and the Social Support Scale for GDM patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore factors affecting risk perception. 【Results】Parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), educational level, household income, diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes self-management ability scale score, knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire score, and social support scale score were identified as independent predictors of risk perception in high-risk GDM pregnant women (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】Parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level, family income, self-efficacy, self-management ability, knowledge-attitude-practice level, and social support are significant independent factors influencing risk perception in high-risk pregnant women for GDM. Enhanced health education and social support interventions are recommended to improve risk perception and promote early prevention and management of GDM.

Key words： Diabetes, Gestational Risk Factors Root Cause Analysis

收稿日期: 2025-05-16

中图分类号:

R714.25

通讯作者: * E-mail:wwrr77@163.com

引用本文:

朱颖, 程群芳, 方海琴, 廖文梅, 王蓉. 妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇风险感知现状及影响因素分析[J]. 医学临床研究, 2025, 42(10): 1739-1742.
ZHU Ying, CHENG Qunfang, FANG Haiqin, et al. Analysis of Risk Perception and its Influencing Factors in Pregnant Women at High Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RESEARCH, 2025, 42(10): 1739-1742.

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http://journal07.magtech.org.cn/yxlcyj/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1671-7171.2025.10.017 或 http://journal07.magtech.org.cn/yxlcyj/CN/Y2025/V42/I10/1739

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